Stephen Hawking God Created The Integers Pdf Free Download

God Created The Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs that Changed History by Stephen Hawking

God Created The Integers is a book edited by the renowned physicist Stephen Hawking, who provides commentary and biographical notes on the works of some of the greatest mathematicians in history. The book covers topics such as geometry, algebra, calculus, probability, number theory, and more, from ancient times to the modern era. The book features original texts by Euclid, Archimedes, Diophantus, Descartes, Newton, Euler, Laplace, Fourier, Gauss, Riemann, Cantor, Turing, and others.

The book aims to show how mathematics has evolved over time and how it has shaped our understanding of the natural world and the human condition. Hawking writes in the introduction: \"Mathematics is a part of our heritage. It is a creation of the human mind. Yet it also has an objective existence that transcends our individual consciousness. It exists in a timeless realm of perfection and beauty. It is God's way of writing the universe.\"

The book is a fascinating and inspiring journey through the history of mathematics and its impact on science and culture. It is also a tribute to the genius and creativity of the human mind that can discover and explore such abstract and profound concepts. Hawking writes: \"These great works are monuments of the human spirit. They deserve to be read by anyone who wants to appreciate the achievements of our species.\"The book is divided into four parts: The Dawn of Mathematics, The Mathematical Revolution, The Rise of Modern Mathematics, and The Modern Age. Each part contains several chapters that focus on a specific mathematician and his contribution to the field. Hawking provides an introduction to each part and each chapter, explaining the historical context, the main ideas, and the significance of each work. He also highlights the connections and influences among different mathematicians and their discoveries.

The book is not only a collection of mathematical texts, but also a story of human endeavor and achievement. Hawking shows how mathematics has been driven by curiosity, creativity, and passion, as well as by practical needs and challenges. He also shows how mathematics has faced opposition and criticism from religious authorities, philosophical skeptics, and scientific rivals. He writes: \"Mathematics is not a popular subject. Most people have bad memories of it from school. They think it is dry and boring, and very difficult. But this is a distorted view. Mathematics is the most exciting and dynamic of all sciences. It is the language of nature and the key to understanding the universe.\"

The book is intended for a general audience, but it assumes some familiarity with basic mathematical concepts and notation. It is not a textbook or a comprehensive history of mathematics, but rather a selection of some of the most important and influential works in mathematics. It is a book that celebrates the beauty and power of mathematics, as well as the human spirit that created it. aa16f39245